different tracks: Stray? Mestizo? Please: a Random Source
BACKGROUND:
NEVER WAS SO ALARMING NEWS AND TRUE. COUNCIL TO REVIEW ALL DRAWN FROM THE BLOG POST 'different tracks' Link from the license by the redirect to the official sources or READ THIS TO THE PREFACE. SPLIT
shocking, SHAME, HORRIBLE. A FILM THAT NO ONE WANTED TO BELIEVE HOW TRUE, BUT THE DATA TO THE HAND, IT SEEMS TO BECOME FEARS CERTAINTIES STEELS. Many questions that only months ago but seems to be a reliable response, AFTER READ THIS ARTICLE BECOME Objectivity '. Now we have to open your eyes and decide really which side they are, WHY 'THE APOCALYPSE OF ANIMALS had a beginning on the sly, insincere INVOLVEMENT OF A PERSON WHO HAS ALWAYS WANTED TO BE BEARER OF REALITY' NEVER BROUGHT TO LIGHT IN THEM CONSISTENT ESSENCE OF INTEREST FOR COMFORTABLE. Here, then, THE END. IS 'THE FINAL CHAPTER OF DRAMATIC AND WHO NOT ONLY HAS NEVER HAD VOICE, BUT ALSO BAD lawyers.
TIZIANA PAY
Stray? Mestizo? Please: Random Source 1
The American Physiological Society (APS), one of the largest American association for the promotion of biomedical research is very worried, not without reason, and not now. The are taking away the most important intermediaries of the acquisition of dogs and cats by research institutes in price (relatively) small: the infamous B dealers.
for decades - and still today - research institutions had their own farms, and will also be procured directly from animal shelters and kennels. But the greatest contribution has come and is supplier to professionals, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) divided by type of license granted in two categories: dealers Category A (Class A dealers), who breed dogs and select bred for research (purpose bred), and those in categories B (class B dealers). IB dealers do not raise, but purchase by little animals, whatever their origin, age, health status, race and race (random source). They do it at other B dealers, at public shelters and private associations can also be managed at the respective associations, at auctions, private owners and amateur breeders (all officially licensed). It also happens that they do - for free - in response to appeals for adoption online, quickly charging stray and wandering animals, disappearing from the gardens of the dog or cat home. In this they are helped by the equally notorious bunchers, the monopolists who work with their subcontractors.
and then sold to laboratories. With mutual benefit: perché c’è una bella differenza per gli uni fra il prezzo pagato all’origine e quello riscosso alla vendita, per gli altri tra il costo finale di un cane A e quello di un cane B. Esempio aggiornato all’anno scorso: un cane giovane di media taglia costa al laboratorio 325-350 dollari se è B, 600-900 dollari se è A. Ma se è A non deve avere più di sei mesi e mezzo, perché poi il suo costo sale di 4,10 dollari per ogni giorno di vita (National Academy of Sciences, Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research, p.81).
E allora? E allora, dice la National Academy of Sciences, “in un mondo ideale il costo non dovrebbe essere un fattore che influenzi decisions on research, especially those made on animals. Realistically, however, resources are limited and researchers are bound by financial worries. So, for the continued use of animals taken from Class B dealers, which can cost less than the animals taken by sellers of class A, the cost is potentially a reason to be taken into account. The financial incentive to the use of animals taken from Class B dealers may or may not be substantial, depending on the circumstances. " Loud and clear.
Poorly controlled (and poorly controlled) by the USDA, the B dealers have long worked with profit. Over two hundred years 70-80 were in the States and research animals with A and B was at its maximum: in 1976 they were used a total of more than 210,000 dogs. Then the trend began to decline. Among other factors, perhaps but certainly were not significant determinants were the actions of animal rights groups. First of all, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), which has a no-brainer than 11 million members and that while browsing to view on animal experimentation as many other associations (including those that antivivisection put it on the flag) in this case it moves and is still moving.
Until something happened that caused a hurricane in the U.S. (and very happy that we wish for Europe, since this seems to be a script already known). In 2002, a voluntary association Last Chance for Animals in disguise you gave it in the stall of a large fortress-B dealer in Arkansas and for months, with a hidden camera, filmed more than seventy hours of abuse and much worse. Then everything went to the Attorney General. The dealer was sentenced only to a very strong ticket, but lost the license. The result, however, was stronger on public opinion and was helped from the documentary that showed the investigation, Dealing Dogs (http://www.hbo.com/docs/programs/dealingdogs/index.html).
In 2005, the dogs used were less than 67,000, 38,000 of which were Class B Since then, many states have banned the sale kennels for research. IB dealers devoted to this fell short in less than ten, and not all of them out of trouble.
Why this long preamble? Why is this difficult situation that the APS began to run for cover with a series of appeals on the need for random source dogs and cats, random source, for biomedical research: In this 2006 article, look, 'says that few, very few, but essential to saving human lives - it is said elsewhere - would otherwise be destroyed. And in an effort to bring up the assumption scientific style for us, under a light finally clear and cold, the catalog of reasons why, yes, dogs and cats are critical to any testing (the extra silence, or fundamental, according to points of view: the price): Why
c 'is in need of random source dogs and cats?
animal models of disease offer an important means to find treatments for many diseases. A model of the disease should be an animal species with biological characteristics that make it susceptible to a condition similar to the disease being studied. Dogs and cats have served as models of many diseases, but have been particularly important for the study of diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, musculoskeletal and neurological systems. In addition, dogs and cats are essential for veterinary research.
The vast majority of animals used for research - perhaps more than 95% - are specially bred mice and rats. Dogs and cats together represent a fraction of 1%. About two-thirds of these dogs and cats are bred specifically for research. The others are non-purpose bred animals (reared specific purposes) or random source (the source random), also known as outbred (off farm) or mongrels (mixed race).
Traders Class A or breeders sell dogs and cats that are young and come from a limited gene pool. Factors such as age and mating inbreeding are important to consider in order to establish the research model. The typical features of specially bred dogs and cats are ideal for certain kinds of research, but not for others. For example, many diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive and musculoskeletal affect humans when they are older. Because the animals bred specifically for research are young, can not constitute good research models for some of these conditions. Genetic selection in inbreeding, which is the other aspect of animals specially bred, is a desirable feature for some studies, but can not be, because this selection can also produce characters separate hampering the search.
In comparison, dogs and cats are not bred with a view from different genetic backgrounds and represent a wide spectrum of ages. Although they form a tiny fraction of animals in research and medical education, random source dogs and cats play a significant role.
animals not kept for this purpose are important research and training in cardiovascular surgery, because of their greater anatomical variability has better correspondence with that of humans. Virtually all drugs, protocols and surgical techniques for heart disease have been developed or tested on dogs "random source".
Dogs and cats are not bred for this purpose are the most suitable models to the study of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. These conditions, which occur naturally during the age of humans, also occur in older age of the dogs and cats.
Their physiological similarities with humans make organs and cats not bred with a view valuable for research on diseases of the digestive tract, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, gastro-esophageal reflux, swallowing disorders and nausea associated with cancer treatment.
Dogs and cats older and genetically different are required to study Duchenne muscular and skeletal density associated with the decline of old age.
cats who have developed FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) in a natural way (as opposed to artificially induced disease in cats bred for the purpose) are useful for both veterinary and medical research on retroviruses.
Without these animals, important research will suffer stagnation.
http://www.the-aps.org/pa/resources/bionews/classBdogs.htm
Keep in mind that all that we are referring to, digits, just about biomedical research in public institutions: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) dipendenti dal Dipartimento della Salute. Silenzio totale sul resto, inclusa la sperimentazione nelle industrie che ovviamente fa salire di parecchio i parametri statistici (e lasciamo perdere qui anche i rapporti notissimi fra istituti di ricerca e industria).
Comunque, l’APS insiste con maggior precisione quando piange miseria in un comunicato del novembre 2009: per la ricerca c’è bisogno urgente e crescente di cani B “molto anziani, o con patologie preesistenti ed esposizione a virus, allergeni o parassiti”. Lo fa esprimendo – dal suo punto di vista – il suo totale appoggio al rapporto pubblicato in quei giorni dalla National Academy of Sciences (NAS) su richiesta del Congresso degli Stati Uniti.
Chiariamo, though. The report is only prepared to answer a specific question: are necessary or not the B dealers supply of random source animals for research? No, it's the obvious answer after years of hype on the subject. Answer that, sacrificing the stones of the scandal, meets a little 'all. And you can start over, because the NAS at this point suggests to the NIH to seek "alternative". For example, A could allow dealers to age a bit 'of their dogs (maybe coming meeting on the price) ... or the animals could be provided by "animal control facilities, from amateur breeders, owners from philanthropists who may make a gift science ... insomma, facciano i NIH uno “sforzo aggiuntivo” per individuare nuovi meccanismi allo scopo di rimpiazzare gli animali forniti finora dai B dealers. Saremmo più o meno alla situazione precedente, se non ci fosse una differenza significativa e geniale: l’abolizione del mediatore ufficiale e di ciò che rappresenta come danno d’immagine… e come spesa da dichiarare. Il resto, appunto, è immutato: come si voleva (comprese le vendite dei B dealers a tutti gli altri acquirenti che non siano i NIH). L’impatto fruttuoso su un’opinione pubblica americanamente contenta di ripulirsi la coscienza non elimina l’anagrafe canina privata e caotica, la soppressione facile, la vendita… semmai aggiunge un detail: it seems that many people, horrified at the thought that your pet ends up in the trial, rather than let go in kennels prefer to leave the street. Exactly.
All in all, the suggestion is a collection of nearby Canada, where there are no officially B dealers for research, but where the province of Ontario, which is the industrial model of the country, the law requires shelters to sell animals to laboratories . And in some respects is closer to a system of Europe, with its ancient wisdom may suggest many solutions.
http://www.newsweek.com/id/57139
American Physiological Society (APS):
http://www.the-aps.org/pa/resources/bionews/randomsource.htm
http://www.the-aps.org/press/releases/09/44.htm
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS):
http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2007/06/b_dealers_a_cla . html
http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2009/05/class_b_dealer_system_unnecessary_052909.html
http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2009/11/class-b-dealers.html
National Academy of Sciences:
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12641
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